About to Retire? Check Your Stock Exposure--Quickly
There are a lot of people thinking of retiring now because the bull market has boosted their 401(k)s. But they may need to re-evaluate their allocations. And quickly. Over the past decade, the S&P 500 has returned more than 13% on an annualized basis. And studies show that this is exactly when a lot of people choose to retire—the height of a bull market, when their portfolio is plump. But those same studies show that people who retire at bull-market peaks have a higher chance of running out of money. That is because they wrongly assume big returns will continue to pile up—and then they lose a big chunk of cash when bear markets arrive.
So, investors about to retire may want to re-evaluate how their money is allocated. To assist in that effort, we ran a simulation showing how various portfolio allocations performed for someone who had retired in 2000, the beginning of a bear market, followed by another later in the decade. We cherry-picked a retirement date with bad years at the beginning of the period, to counter the tendency for investors to focus on recent bull-market returns. For withdrawals, we applied one version of the “4% rule” that advisers often use, assuming retirees take out 4% of their account the first year, and then increase the dollar value of the initial amount by 3% in each subsequent year to account for inflation. Our simulation didn’t account for taxes, however.
We had our theoretical investor retire in 2000 with $500,000 fully invested in the S&P 500. Using the 4% rule, that nest egg eroded to less than $200,000 at the end of 2018. Why? Although the S&P 500 produced a 4.86% annualized return over the 18 years of our study—and, of course, 13% returns from 2009 through 2018—it experienced two declines of roughly 50% (2000-02 and 2008-early 2009) within the first decade. Bad early years in a withdrawal phase can crush a portfolio; the double whammy of withdrawals and losses means there isn’t enough money or time left for a roaring market later on to restore a portfolio to its original balance later.
A $500,000 investment in a balanced allocation (60% stocks, 40% bonds) would have been worth around $424,000 in 2018 using the 4% withdrawal rule. And a conservative portfolio (30% stocks/70% bonds) would have had around $508,000 at the end of 2018. That is mainly because bond-heavy portfolios protected against big losses in the early years. Bonds’ annualized returns for the whole period of the study were on par with those of stocks—4.84% for bonds vs. 4.86% for stocks—but bond returns held steady in the market downturns. In 2000-02, bonds gained a cumulative 33.5%, and they returned 5.2% in 2008-09. All of this means investors on the verge of retirement should contemplate having no more than 60% stock exposure and might prefer less.
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Whether or not investors use these funds, they should think about their current allocations or consult their financial adviser. The question they need to ask is: If they are going the traditional route, and consuming 3% to 4% of their saved assets every year, do they really want to bet that the bull market will continue?
https://www.wsj.com/articles/about-to-retire-check-your-stock-exposurequickly-11564970680 (paid subscription)
Could not copy the markings so here are the descriptions:
The amounts are from 2000 to 2019. The starting point is $500,000
The black line, on top is Conservative 30 stocks/70 bonds
The blue line, in the middle is Balanced 60 stocks/40 bond
and the grey line, at the bottom is S&P 500 Total Return
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