On this day, April 25, 1946, the wreck of the Exposition Flyer occurred.

[mahatmakanejeeves]

This wreck is why we don't have high-speed passenger trains in the US.

Mon Apr 25, 2022: On this day, April 25, 1946, the wreck of the Exposition Flyer occurred.

Sun Apr 25, 2021: On this day, April 25, 1946, the wreck of the Exposition Flyer occurred.

2021 marked the 75th anniversary of the wreck. There was a big article in the Chicago Tribune in recognition of the anniversary. I posted excerpts of it in a reply. The photographs are gruesome.

Sat Apr 25, 2020: On this day, April 25, 1946, the wreck of the Exposition Flyer occurred.

Thu Apr 25, 2019: Today is the 73rd Anniversary of the Wreck of the Exposition Flyer.

Tue Apr 25, 2017: It's the 71st Anniversary of the Wreck of the Exposition Flyer.

Sat Apr 25, 2015: The wreck of the Exposition Flyer, April 25, 1946

This is of note, because it caused the Interstate Commerce Commission to institute new regulations regarding train speeds and signaling systems.

Naperville train disaster

The Naperville train disaster occurred April 25, 1946, on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad at Loomis Street in Naperville, Illinois, when the railroad's Exposition Flyer rammed into the Advance Flyer, which had made an unscheduled stop to check its running gear. The Exposition Flyer had been coming through on the same track at 80 miles per hour (130 km/h). There were 45 deaths and some 125 injuries. This crash is a major reason why most passenger trains in the United States have a speed limit of 79 mph (127 km/h).

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Wreck

Just after 1:00 PM on April 25, 1946, a mechanical problem caused the Advance Flyer to stop at Loomis Street in Naperville, just beyond a gradual curve that trains came through at speed. A flagman had just started to back up the tracks when the Exposition Flyer loomed into view.

According to engineer W. W. Blaine of the Exposition Flyer, he immediately applied brakes upon seeing the first of two warning signals, but it was still too close to the first train to stop in time. The Exposition Flyer, slowing from 80 mph (130 km/h), was still traveling over 45 mph (72 km/h) when it struck the rear of the Advance Flyer.

When the locomotive hit the last car (#13) of the Advance Flyer, a 68-seat heavyweight coach, the locomotive's front truck detached and the body plowed through three fourths of the length of the car, killing most of its passengers. The locomotive continued for a total of 205 feet (62 m) beyond the point of impact. Car #12, a heavyweight observation car, remained intact and pushed forward into car #11, a lightweight diner. The only car on either train not built to the then-current strength standards, it collapsed into a U-shape, with multiple deaths. Lightweight 52-seat chair car #10 tipped on its side. #9 derailed and was leaning. None of the head-end cars derailed or were damaged.

The Exposition Flyer's locomotives were badly damaged, the all-heavyweight train less so. Cars #1 to #5 all derailed, but the only damage was between cars #2 and #3; the front vestibule of #3 was collapsed about 6 feet (1.8 m).

Rescue

The Kroehler Furniture company was next to the crash scene; hundreds of employees rushed to help, and an aid station was set up in their warehouse. Fifty North Central College students and countless local residents also helped. Emergency workers came from as far as Hinsdale, more than 10 miles (16 km) away. Most of the wounded were brought to hospitals in Aurora; bodies were taken to local funeral homes. Engineer Blaine of the Exposition Flyer, who stayed at his station, climbed out of the wreckage and made his way unassisted to an aid station, despite a head wound and fractured skull. The fireman, who jumped before the impact, was the only person on the Exposition Flyer who died.

The railroad sent a special relief train with doctors and nurses. By late night all injured and most bodies had been recovered. All three mainline tracks were blocked by wreckage. It was 27 hours before trains started to slowly move through the crash site and three days before all wreckage was cleared.

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Long-term results

This crash is a major reason why most passenger trains in the United States have a speed limit of 79 mph (127 km/h). The CB&Q, Milwaukee Road, and Illinois Central were among railroads in the region running passenger trains at up to and above 100 miles per hour (160 km/h) in the 1930s and 1940s. The Interstate Commerce Commission ruled in 1951 that trains traveling 80 mph or more must have "an automatic cab signal, automatic train stop or automatic train control system", expensive technology that was implemented on some lines in the region, but has since been mostly removed.

The Burlington increased headway on the two trains from 2 minutes to 15 minutes in May, and added a signal position, flashing yellow, for a total of 4 positions. They continued to haul mixed heavyweight/lightweight trains, but at the time they were already rapidly replacing heavyweight cars with stainless steel lightweight “Zephyr” type cars. All units in both trains would return to service except the Advance Flyer's last coach and the dining car, both were total losses.

Following this disaster, advancements in train speed in the United States essentially halted. However, select Amtrak passenger trains run at up to 150 mph (240 km/h) as of 2013.

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External links

Photos of the Day: Naperville, Illinois Rail Disaster (1946)
https://web.archive.org/web/20100103195411/http://drx.typepad.com/psychotherapyblog/2008/04/photos-of-the-5.html

Scroll down to see the pictures. You'll think you're at the wrong site at first.



The Great Naperville Train Disaster

The following article from 2011 is strangely written and full of odd claims. It does, however, link to many photographs of the event.

The 65th Anniversary Of The Naperville Train Crash

The 65th Anniversary Of The Naperville Train Crash
By Barek Halfhand

April 25th 2011 at 1:03 pm marked the 65th anniversary of one of the worst railroad accidents in American history leaving 43 dead and 125 injured …I arrived in far west suburban Naperville at
12:35pm…

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The transformation of steam to diesel powered locomotives transpiring nationwide by way of Smoke Abatement , air pollution and Clean Air legislation that started as early as the late 20’s had a dramatic effect on all modes of personal and logistical transportation …these new environmental regulatory statutes radically changed the air quality and general tidiness of the Union Station depot loading platforms …anyone that has had any experience related to a coal knows that with it comes a fine layer of soot regardless of efforts to contain, manage or remove it…the passengers that filed in and out of the trains as either daily commuters or transient travelers alike probably welcomed this change …

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At some point crew members aboard the Advance Flyer observed an unidentified object ejected from the underside of one of the carriages as they approached the Naperville city limits and the engineer was forced to make an unscheduled stop at the Loomis Street station to check for damages and conduct an impromptu safety inspection…the engineer of Exposition Flyer speeding along a disputed excessive speed speed 80 plus miles an hour did not see the red warning light and by the time he did visually identify the impeded train and frenzied flag waver ahead, the indefatigable leviathan juggernaut slammed into the last car of the Advance Flyer with such velocity, impact and unimaginable force that it literally split the last car in two up the middle…what followed was a scene of confusion, shock, devastation, carnage, twisted metal wreckage and the tumultuous caterwauling of pain and cries for help …

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"The indefatigable leviathan juggernaut"? Whatever. "Clean air legislation" might have brought about the electrification of the New York Central, the Pennsylvania, and the New Haven Railroads into New York City, but it most certainly was not a major factor in the railroads' change from steam to diesel.

Here is the Interstate Commerce Commission accident report:

CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILROAD COMPANY REPORT IN RE ACCIDENT AT NAPERVILLE, ILL., ON APRIL 26, 1946

[mahatmakanejeeves]

1. Two trains, one tragedy: Remembering the deadly wreck that shook Naperville 76 years ago

Mon Apr 25, 2022: Two trains, one tragedy: Remembering the deadly wreck that shook Naperville 76 years ago

Sun Apr 25, 2021: Two trains, one tragedy: Remembering the deadly wreck that shook Naperville 75 years ago

There are several photographs in the article. If you can get past the paywall, the article is worth reading.

Two trains, one tragedy: Remembering the deadly wreck that shook Naperville 75 years ago

chicagotribune.com
Two trains, one tragedy: Remembering the deadly wreck that shook Naperville 75 years ago
Sunday marks the 75th anniversary of one of the worst train wrecks in Illinois history in which 45 people were killed and many more injured.

Link to tweet

Two trains, one tragedy: Remembering the deadly wreck that shook Naperville 75 years ago

By SUZANNE BAKER
NAPERVILLE SUN | APR 24, 2021 AT 8:32 AM

{Snip a picture that is in a format that does not display at DU. It's the one in the tweet. Here's the cutline:}

Workers from the Kroehler Furniture company work to pull survivors from a passenger car after a two-train wreck on the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad tracks adjacent to the Naperville factory on April 25, 1946. (Charles W. Cushman/Indiana University Archives) (Indiana University Archives)

The school day ended earlier than usual for Ron Keller when his father drove over to pick him up from Miss McDermond’s class on April 25, 1946. ... Dad didn’t want the young boy anywhere near the railroad tracks at Loomis Street, which he’d typically cross on his walk home from Ellsworth School. ... In the car, the elder Keller told his son about a horrific wreck in Naperville, explaining how one train ran into the back end of another.

“As a first-grader, I didn’t quite understand what the problem was because all I could relate to was my Lionel train. When one train ran into the other one, you’d put it back on the track,” said Keller, who for more than 50 years has been the Naperville Municipal Band conductor.

When their car reached the wooden bridge on Columbia Street over the railroad tracks, Keller’s dad stopped so they could survey the jumbled crash site. ... “You could see the mess that was there,” Keller said. “The locomotive of the second train ran almost completely through the back car of the lead train. Peeled it open like a tin can.”

Sunday marks the 75th anniversary of the crash, one of the worst train wrecks in Illinois history in which 45 people were killed and many more injured. ... Naperville residents — the town had a population of about 5,000 in 1946 — rushed to the aid of survivors and collect the dead in a disaster that shattered the early afternoon peace.

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[e-mail]

MORE COVERAGE

How the 1946 disaster in Naperville resulted in limits being placed on train speeds

Timeline of deadly 1946 train collision in Naperville

Sculpture near Naperville train station commemorates those who died, survived or helped in 1946 collision

Many of the photographs in the article are from the Charles W. Cushman photograph collection at Indiana University.

Charles W. Cushman Photograph Collection

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Charles Weever Cushman, amateur photographer and Indiana University alumnus, bequeathed approximately 14,500 Kodachrome color slides to his alma mater. The photographs in this collection bridge a thirty-two year span from 1938 to 1969, during which time he extensively documented the United States as well as other countries.

Indiana University's Digital Library Program and the Indiana University Archives invite you to explore what Cushman saw. Here you can view his photographs as well as read contextual information about Cushman's life and work.

Here's one that will give an idea of how horrible this wreck was:

[mahatmakanejeeves]

2. How the 1946 disaster in Naperville resulted in limits being placed on train speeds

Tue Apr 26, 2022: How the 1946 disaster in Naperville resulted in limits being placed on train speeds

Sun Apr 25, 2021: How the 1946 disaster in Naperville resulted in limits being placed on train speeds

It's the signalling system.

How the 1946 disaster in Naperville resulted in limits being placed on train speeds

By RAFAEL GUERRERO
NAPERVILLE SUN | APR 24, 2021 AT 8:39 AM

When one passenger train slammed into the back of another in Naperville 75 years ago, the impact was felt throughout the U.S. rail system. ... “At the time, the railroads set their own speeds. Here in Naperville, I think it was about 90 mph,” said Jim Christen, a Naperville resident who contributed much of the technical research in Chuck Spinner’s 2012 book “The Tragedy at the Loomis Street Crossing.”

The Advance Flyer was westbound when it left Union Station in Chicago at 12:35 p.m. April 25, 1946, followed by the Exposition Flyer, which would lag behind two or three minutes on the same track. Reports indicate both trains were running at speeds between 80 and 85 mph.

Two trains, one tragedy: Remembering the deadly wreck that shook Naperville 75 years ago »

When the Advance Flyer was forced to stop in Naperville because of a mechanical issue, caution signals were the only things alerting the second locomotive’s engineer that there was a problem ahead. ... “He came around that curve at around 85 mph,” Christen said. “He closed the gap between the yellow signal by the golf course ... but he didn’t slow down enough. The impact here was at about 45 mph.” ... Because of the Naperville disaster and another crash, a cap of 79 mph would be placed on passenger trains, Christen said.

Timothy Hicks, lead mechanical engineer for Lisle-based accident investigation firm Professional Analysis, said the 1951 mandate permits trains to exceed 79 mph only if automatic train stop equipment is in place, such as automatic cab signals, automatic train stops or automatic train control systems.

Metra and Amtrak trains, for example, are limited to 60 mph and speed limits are slower for freight trains, Hicks said.* However, some high-speed passenger trains do exist, such as Amtrak’s Acela Express, which runs 150 mph at some points between Washington, D.C., and Boston.

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[e-mail]

* This is a misleading quote. I'm sure Hicks was referring to a specific district, not Amtrka's operations systemwide.

Amtrak trains generally run at 79 mph outside the Northeast Corridor and faster than that within the Northeast Corridor. Depending on the class of track, mainline freight trains in the US are limited to 60 mph by FRA regulations.

I had expected that the article would have been updated with a correction, but a year later, it has not been.

[mahatmakanejeeves]

3. Naperville Sun: Timeline of deadly 1946 train collision in Naperville

NAPERVILLE SUN

Timeline of deadly 1946 train collision in Naperville

By Rafael Guerrero
Naperville Sun • Apr 25, 2021 at 8:11 am



This Associated Press photo shows the smashed and derailed cars from the passenger train collision in Naperville on April 25,1946. (Naperville Heritage Society / HANDOUT)

12:35 p.m. — The Advance Flyer and Exposition Flyer trains depart Chicago’s Union Station. The Exposition Flyer is en route to San Francisco while the Advance Flyer is bound for Iowa and Nebraska.

The Exposition merges onto the same track as the Advance Flyer at Kedzie Avenue in Chicago, about five miles from the station. There is a two- to three-minute gap separating the two trains.

12:56 and 12:58 p.m. — The times the Advance Flyer and Exposition Flyer were to pass through Downers Grove, seven miles from Naperville. Burlington officials said the Exposition Flyer was about three minutes behind the Advance.

1:03 p.m. — The Advance Flyer stops at the Loomis Street crossing so train employees can inspect for possible damage from something seen flying out from beneath one of the coach cars.

1:03 to 1:05 p.m. — The Exposition Flyer closes in on the stopped train, the engineer seeing a yellow caution light while traveling 80 mph. He slows his speed but does not try to try to stop until he sees a second caution light, which was red. It is too late to avoid a collision.

Harold Schrader sees a train employee jump from the Exposition’s lead car while he’s working in the Kroehler Manufacting Co. lumberyard, prompting him to call Naperville police and fire departments

1:05 p.m. — The Exposition Flyer slams into the stopped Advance Flyer at a speed estimated to be about 45 mph.

The Advance’s back car is split open by the Exposition Flyer locomotive, coming to rest three-quarters of the way through the Advance Flyer’s rear car. The impact pushes the cars about 205 feet west of the point of impact.

Source: “The Tragedy at the Loomis Street Crossing” by Chuck Spinner