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On this day, November 18, 1978, The Jonestown Massacre occurred.
In 1978, this was unimaginable. Today ...
Jonestown
Coordinates: 7°41?22?N 59°57?0?W {DU4 makes a mess of the coordinates at Wikipedia. You'll have to link directly from the article at Wikipedia.}
The Peoples Temple Agricultural Project, better known by its informal name "Jonestown", was a remote settlement established by the Peoples Temple, a cult under the leadership of Jim Jones, in northwestern Guyana. It became internationally known when, on November 18, 1978, a total of 918 people died in the settlement, at the nearby airstrip in Port Kaituma, and at a Temple-run building in Georgetown, Guyana's capital city. The name of the settlement became synonymous with the incidents at those locations.
In total, 909 individuals died in Jonestown, all but two from apparent cyanide poisoning, in an event termed "revolutionary suicide" by Jones and some Peoples Temple members on an audio tape of the event, and in prior recorded discussions. The poisonings in Jonestown followed the murder of five others by Temple members at Port Kaituma, including United States Congressman Leo Ryan, an act that Jones ordered. Four other Temple members committed murder-suicide in Georgetown at Jones' command.
Terms used to describe the deaths in Jonestown and Georgetown evolved over time. Many contemporary media accounts after the events called the deaths a mass suicide. In contrast, most sources today refer to the deaths with terms such as mass murder-suicide, a massacre, or simply mass murder. Seventy or more individuals at Jonestown were injected with poison, and a third of the victims (304) were minors. Guards armed with guns and crossbows had been ordered to shoot those who fled the Jonestown pavilion as Jones lobbied for suicide.
Jonestown resulted in the largest single loss of American civilian life in a deliberate act until September 11, 2001.
Coordinates: 7°41?22?N 59°57?0?W {DU4 makes a mess of the coordinates at Wikipedia. You'll have to link directly from the article at Wikipedia.}
The Peoples Temple Agricultural Project, better known by its informal name "Jonestown", was a remote settlement established by the Peoples Temple, a cult under the leadership of Jim Jones, in northwestern Guyana. It became internationally known when, on November 18, 1978, a total of 918 people died in the settlement, at the nearby airstrip in Port Kaituma, and at a Temple-run building in Georgetown, Guyana's capital city. The name of the settlement became synonymous with the incidents at those locations.
In total, 909 individuals died in Jonestown, all but two from apparent cyanide poisoning, in an event termed "revolutionary suicide" by Jones and some Peoples Temple members on an audio tape of the event, and in prior recorded discussions. The poisonings in Jonestown followed the murder of five others by Temple members at Port Kaituma, including United States Congressman Leo Ryan, an act that Jones ordered. Four other Temple members committed murder-suicide in Georgetown at Jones' command.
Terms used to describe the deaths in Jonestown and Georgetown evolved over time. Many contemporary media accounts after the events called the deaths a mass suicide. In contrast, most sources today refer to the deaths with terms such as mass murder-suicide, a massacre, or simply mass murder. Seventy or more individuals at Jonestown were injected with poison, and a third of the victims (304) were minors. Guards armed with guns and crossbows had been ordered to shoot those who fled the Jonestown pavilion as Jones lobbied for suicide.
Jonestown resulted in the largest single loss of American civilian life in a deliberate act until September 11, 2001.
From the San Francisco Chronicle in 2018 and 2019:
ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT // ENTERTAINMENT
SF finally remembering Jonestown victims where it all began
Caille Millner | Nov. 16, 2018 | Updated: Nov. 16, 2018 3:57 p.m.
SF finally remembering Jonestown victims where it all began
Caille Millner | Nov. 16, 2018 | Updated: Nov. 16, 2018 3:57 p.m.
LOCAL // BAY AREA & STATE
Jonestown 40 years later: The story of a cameraman who lost his life
Kevin Fagan | Nov. 12, 2018 | Updated: Nov. 12, 2018 2:54 p.m.
Jonestown 40 years later: The story of a cameraman who lost his life
Kevin Fagan | Nov. 12, 2018 | Updated: Nov. 12, 2018 2:54 p.m.
BOOKS
Teachers recall students they lost in Jonestown in ‘And Then They Were Gone’
Sam Whiting | November 6, 2018 | Updated: March 1, 2019, 5:39 pm
Teachers recall students they lost in Jonestown in ‘And Then They Were Gone’
Sam Whiting | November 6, 2018 | Updated: March 1, 2019, 5:39 pm
Fri Nov 18, 2022: On this date, November 18, 1978, The Jonestown Massacre occurred.
Fri Nov 18, 2022: In defense of Kool-Aid ...
The stuff they drank was actually based on Flavor Aid.
Deaths in Jonestown
Before leaving Jonestown for the airstrip, Ryan had told Garry that he would issue a report that would describe Jonestown "in basically good terms". Ryan stated that none of the 60 relatives he had targeted for interviews wanted to leave, the 14 defectors constituted a very small portion of Jonestown's residents, that any sense of imprisonment the defectors had was likely because of peer pressure and a lack of physical transportation, and even if 200 of the 900+ wanted to leave, "I'd still say you have a beautiful place here." Despite Garry's report, Jones told him, "I have failed." Garry reiterated that Ryan would be making a positive report, but Jones maintained that "all is lost."
After Ryan's departure from Jonestown towards Port Kaituma, Marceline Jones made a broadcast on the public address system, stating that everything was all right, and asking residents to return to their homes. During this time, aides prepared a large metal tub with grape Flavor Aid, poisoned with diphenhydramine, promethazine, chlorpromazine, chloroquine, chloral hydrate, diazepam, and cyanide.
The concoction was prepared with the help of Jonestown in-house doctor, Dr Larry Schacht, a Texan native and former methamphetamine addict who got sober with the help of Jones who subsequently paid for his college education to become a doctor. Schacht had been researching the best ways for a person to die in advance of the foreseen mass suicide. About 30 minutes after Marceline Jones's announcement, Jim Jones made his own, calling all members immediately to the pavilion.
{snip}
Before leaving Jonestown for the airstrip, Ryan had told Garry that he would issue a report that would describe Jonestown "in basically good terms". Ryan stated that none of the 60 relatives he had targeted for interviews wanted to leave, the 14 defectors constituted a very small portion of Jonestown's residents, that any sense of imprisonment the defectors had was likely because of peer pressure and a lack of physical transportation, and even if 200 of the 900+ wanted to leave, "I'd still say you have a beautiful place here." Despite Garry's report, Jones told him, "I have failed." Garry reiterated that Ryan would be making a positive report, but Jones maintained that "all is lost."
After Ryan's departure from Jonestown towards Port Kaituma, Marceline Jones made a broadcast on the public address system, stating that everything was all right, and asking residents to return to their homes. During this time, aides prepared a large metal tub with grape Flavor Aid, poisoned with diphenhydramine, promethazine, chlorpromazine, chloroquine, chloral hydrate, diazepam, and cyanide.
The concoction was prepared with the help of Jonestown in-house doctor, Dr Larry Schacht, a Texan native and former methamphetamine addict who got sober with the help of Jones who subsequently paid for his college education to become a doctor. Schacht had been researching the best ways for a person to die in advance of the foreseen mass suicide. About 30 minutes after Marceline Jones's announcement, Jim Jones made his own, calling all members immediately to the pavilion.
{snip}
Flavor Aid
Flavor Aid Cherry
Flavor Aid is a non-carbonated soft drink beverage made by The Jel Sert Company in West Chicago, Illinois. It was introduced in 1929. It is sold throughout the United States as an unsweetened, powdered concentrate drink mix, similar to Kool-Aid brand drink mix.
{snip}
Flavor Aid Cherry
Flavor Aid is a non-carbonated soft drink beverage made by The Jel Sert Company in West Chicago, Illinois. It was introduced in 1929. It is sold throughout the United States as an unsweetened, powdered concentrate drink mix, similar to Kool-Aid brand drink mix.
{snip}
Thu Nov 19, 2020: On November 18, 1978, over nine hundred people died at Jonestown.
Mon Nov 18, 2019: On this date, November 18, 1978, The Jonestown Massacre occurred.
Sun Nov 18, 2018: 40 years ago today: the Jonestown massacre
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