My thoughts on the Penny verdict, as someone who has been a resident of NYC for 43 years . . .

[Ann B]

8. The more things change

The more they stay the same.

1984 New York City Subway shooting
On December 22, 1984, Bernhard Goetz[a] (/ˈɡɛts/[6]) shot four youths on a New York City Subway train in Manhattan after they allegedly tried to rob him.[7][8][9][10] All four victims survived, though one, Darrell Cabey, was paralyzed and suffered brain damage as a result of his injuries.[11] Goetz fled to Bennington, Vermont, before surrendering to police nine days after the shooting. He was charged with attempted murder, assault, reckless endangerment, and several firearms offenses. A jury subsequently found Goetz guilty of one count of carrying an unlicensed firearm and acquitted him of the remaining charges. For the firearm offense, he served eight months of a one-year sentence. In 1996, Cabey obtained a $43 million civil judgment against Goetz after a civil jury ruled Goetz as liable, equivalent to $84 million today.[11]

The incident sparked a nationwide debate on crime in major U.S. cities, the legal limits of self-defense, and the extent to which the citizenry could rely on the police to secure their safety.[9] Questions of what impact race—and racism—had on Goetz, the public reaction, and the criminal verdict were hotly contested. Goetz was dubbed the "Subway Vigilante" by the New York press; to his supporters, he came to symbolize frustrations with the high crime rates of the 1980s. The incident has been cited as leading to successful National Rifle Association campaigns to loosen restrictions for concealed carrying of firearms.[12]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_New_York_City_Subway_shooting