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OKIsItJustMe

(20,901 posts)
37. That review may be out-of-date
Wed Jan 11, 2012, 10:26 AM
Jan 2012

Last edited Wed Jan 11, 2012, 11:48 AM - Edit history (1)

http://icp.giss.nasa.gov/education/methane/intro/cycle.html
[font face=Times, Serif][font size=3](Note: This article was originally written in conjunction with the 1997 Global Methane Inventory.[/font][/font]


http://www.epa.gov/outreach/downloads/TechNote_Natural%20gas_4-15-11.pdf
[font face=Times, Serif][font size=3]…
  • According to the latest inventory, CH[font size="1"]4[/font] emissions from natural gas systems are estimated to be 221.2 MMTCO[font size="1"]2[/font]e in 2009. Although the primary basis for CH[font size="1"]4[/font] emissions estimates in the Inventory remains a detailed 1996 study by the Gas Research Institute and EPA (1996 GRI/EPA), significant improvements were made to the emissions estimates in the current inventory, based in part on the large body of work carried out in developing subpart W (Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems) under the GHG Reporting Program. (Please see the Technical Support Document for subpart W at http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads10/Subpart-W_TSD.pdf as well as additional support materials contained in Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0923 . )
  • The net effect of these changes is a 120% increase from the 2008 emissions estimate. Vented, fugitive and flared emissions from petroleum and natural gas systems are now the largest source of CH[font size="1"]4[/font] emissions in the United States, replacing enteric fermentation.
  • The large increase in emissions was primarily due to methodological improvements to three existing sources and the addition of two new sources.
  • The three existing sources contributing to the large increase in emissions were gas well liquids unloading, condensate storage tanks and centrifugal compressors.
    • The largest increase in emissions was due to the revised emission factor for gas well cleanups (also referred to as gas well liquids unloading). EPA used well production and well property sample data on well depth, shut-in pressure, and production rates in an engineering equation to re-estimate the average unloading emissions by region for this source (HPDI 2009). This improved data and methodological change increased emissions by more than 22 times while decreasing the substantial uncertainty associated with the previous emission factor that was derived from the EPA/GRI 1996 study. Emissions from liquids unloading in 2009 are estimated to be nearly 96 MMTCO[font size="1"]2[/font]e.
    • For condensate storage tanks, EPA used the same E&P Tank simulation data for hydrocarbon liquids above 45 ̊API flashing emission in tanks as used in previous Inventories to estimate emissions. However, the analysis coupled these flashing emissions simulations with a large sample of condensate production gravities from the HPDI database to improve the factor to account for the average national distribution of condensate gravities. This is different from previous inventories in which a simple average of simulation results for each liquid gravity was used. Additionally, a sample of data from a 2009 Texas Environment Research Consortium (TERC) study was used to account for emissions from separator dump valve malfunctions in the regions represented by the study.
    • For centrifugal compressor seals, EPA separated the centrifugal compressors emission source in the natural gas processing, transmission, and underground storage segments into two sources – centrifugal compressors equipped with wet seals and those with dry seals. EPA used data analysis on centrifugal compressor seal oil degassing vent rates (World Gas Conference 2009) to establish an emission factor for centrifugal compressor wet seal degassing and Natural Gas STAR’s Lessons Learned (EPA 2006) document to develop an emission factor for dry seal emissions. The seal oil degassing vent (found with compressors using wet seals) was previously unaccounted for in the Inventory.
      • …[/font][/font]
    The E/E pocket reference guide [View all] Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 OP
    Need to show longer periods of time Nederland Jan 2012 #1
    Oops, those charts appear to be missing the full set of data... Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #3
    I think you are missing the point (as usual) Nederland Jan 2012 #9
    If you spend a bit less time reading denier sites... Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #14
    If you spend a bit less time reading CAGW sites... Nederland Jan 2012 #32
    Citizens Against Government Waste? Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #35
    The last time we were above 420ppm CO2 we were 20 degrees warmer worldwide IbogaProject Mar 2024 #83
    There are some historical charts about energy I'd like to include. bananas Jan 2012 #2
    No worries Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #4
    I believe these are helpful OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #5
    I'll add them to the pile Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #6
    Please note OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #22
    Corrected, thanks. Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #23
    Easily done OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #25
    Thanks... Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #30
    Thanks! OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #38
    Don't forget the ice volume plot from the PIOMAS site. Systematic Chaos Jan 2012 #7
    Like this one? XemaSab Jan 2012 #8
    The subject line needs work. Kolesar Jan 2012 #10
    You have a better subject line? XemaSab Jan 2012 #11
    You conferred with the originator. You know better than me what the threads about Kolesar Jan 2012 #12
    I don't have a problem with the thread title XemaSab Jan 2012 #17
    I'm open to suggestions... Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #13
    At this point, it appears to be a pocket reference for scientific measurements of climate change OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #24
    I'm hoping to throw in a bunch of energy related ones, also... Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #27
    World Energy Consumption OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #39
    World Coal Use OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #40
    Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #41
    IPCC had nice charts for their report on renewables. FSSF Jan 2012 #45
    I was thinking that "Doom On A Stick" has a nice ring to it . . . hatrack Jan 2012 #29
    Useful graphs for deniers wtmusic Jan 2012 #15
    ... Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #16
    . XemaSab Jan 2012 #18
    Message auto-removed Name removed Aug 2015 #73
    OMFG jpak Jan 2012 #20
    Lol! FBaggins Jan 2012 #21
    Great job Xema and DP!! jpak Jan 2012 #19
    Methane sources OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #26
    There's a good global review... Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #28
    That review may be out-of-date OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #37
    Also, there's XemaSab Jan 2012 #31
    Is there a time series or anomaly version of that top one? Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #33
    The context is WE'RE SCREWED! XemaSab Jan 2012 #34
    I’m not sure how to interpret this. OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #42
    It's not about long-term trends XemaSab Jan 2012 #43
    OK, got it. OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #44
    Excellent work, ya'll, this post is epic! joshcryer Jan 2012 #36
    Sorry if I'm being dense but does the NOAA CO2 graph show us at 393 ppm? truebrit71 Jan 2012 #46
    Why, yes it does... Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #47
    Right, although 350 ppm has been suggested as an initial target OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #48
    At this point... Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #49
    So here’s the thing OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #51
    Physically pulling carbon back out the cycle is possible... Dead_Parrot Jan 2012 #52
    Right, there are a number of strategies that might be used OKIsItJustMe Jan 2012 #53
    Yeah sorry, 350 was the number I meant... truebrit71 Jan 2012 #50
    Yeah? So what? Show me PROOF that global warming is real, not just a bunch of charts. Kablooie Feb 2012 #54
    this post is full of win! Odin2005 Feb 2012 #55
    K&R. wtmusic Feb 2012 #56
    Another good one XemaSab Mar 2012 #57
    Here's an interesting new graph: XemaSab Jun 2012 #58
    radiation energy pumaman Jul 2012 #59
    the flat earth irony pumaman Jul 2012 #60
    Courtesy of phantom power: XemaSab Aug 2012 #61
    I thought those were courtesy of you and hatrack :) phantom power Aug 2012 #62
    You codified them XemaSab Aug 2012 #63
    May I add some data? AldoLeopold Dec 2012 #64
    can you point me to a site where they have the data for CO2 concentration & annual Global mean temps Bill USA Mar 2013 #65
    thanks for this... Blue_Tires Jul 2013 #66
    +1 truebrit71 Aug 2013 #67
    Fantastic Post IPPC Data EnvironmentalVK Jun 2014 #68
    Excellent resource... PoutrageFatigue Aug 2014 #69
    The Smoking Gun jpak Feb 2015 #70
    Thank you for this Novara Apr 2015 #71
    Annual Mean CO2 Growth Rate for Mauna Loa, Hawaii OKIsItJustMe Jul 2015 #72
    Japanese satellite Arctic ice extent figures, since the American satellite has problems muriel_volestrangler May 2016 #74
    change feel free to change BarbaraChipps Apr 2019 #75
    Ooops, looks like someone else got shown the door progree May 2019 #76
    Can someone clarify the forum rules on "clean energy" discussions? False Progress Mar 2020 #77
    Try posting in this Group BumRushDaShow Mar 2020 #78
    "I think the Democratic Party has forsaken old environmental protections". Seriously???? marble falls Mar 2020 #79
    Current Antarctic Sea Ice OKIsItJustMe Sep 2023 #80
    Current Arctic Sea Ice OKIsItJustMe Sep 2023 #81
    Current Greenland Ice Sheet OKIsItJustMe Sep 2023 #82
    Latest Discussions»Issue Forums»Environment & Energy»The E/E pocket reference ...»Reply #37